Appendix B. Keyboard Model and Key Bindings

Appendix B. Keyboard Model and Key Bindings
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This appendix contains tables that list the Motif model keyboard bindings.

Model Keyboard

Since not all keyboards are the same, it is difficult to give style guidelines that are correct for every manufacturer's keyboard. To solve this problem, this guide describes keys that use a “Motif model keyboard” mechanism. Wherever keyboard input is specified, the keys are indicated by the engraving they have on the Motif model keyboard. The model keyboard does not correspond directly to any existing keyboard; rather, it assumes a keyboard with an ideal set of keys.

In addition to the standard letter, number, and character keys, the Motif model keyboard is composed of the following special keys:

The special printing characters /, \, and !
The standard modifier keys Ctrl, Alt, and Shift
Ten function keys F1 through F10
The arrow keys Down Arrow, Left Arrow, Right Arrow, and Up Arrow
Backspace
Cancel
Delete
End
Escape
Help
Home, Begin, or both
Insert
Menu
PageDown
PageUp
Return
Space
Tab

The Motif model keyboard also contains the following optional keys, which, although useful, are either not necessary or may be created by combinations of other keys:

CapsLock
Copy
Cut
Enter
ModeSwitch
NumLock
PageLeft
PageRight
Paste
ScrollLock
Select
Undo

Throughout this guide, behavior is described in terms of model keyboard keys. When a behavior takes advantage of an optional key from the model keyboard, it is also described in terms of the required special keys. Each of the keys described on the Motif model keyboard must be available either as specified or by using other keys or key combinations if the specified key is unavailable. The following are a few of the more important alternative key bindings:

If Cancel does not exist, use Escape.
If Help does not exist, use F1.
If Menu does not exist, use Shift F10.
If F10 does not exist, use Shift Menu.
If Home or Begin does not exist, use Alt Left Arrow.
If End does not exist, use Alt Right Arrow.
Wherever you can use Select and Space for a selection action, you can also use Ctrl Space.
Wherever you can use Enter and Return for activation, you can also use Ctrl Return.

Keyboard Function

Table B-1 shows the key bindings for a unique choice on a menu.

Table B-1. Shortcut Keys for Menu Choices

Menu Choice	Key Bindings	Menu
Bold	`CtrlB`	Application specific
Close	`AltF4`	Window
Copy	`Copy`, `CtrlC`, `CtrlInsert`	Edit
Cut	Cut, `CtrlX`, `ShiftDelete`	Edit
Delete	`Backspace` (in text), `Delete`	Edit or Selected (to Trash)
Deselect All	`Ctrl\`	Edit
Italics	`CtrlI`	Application specific
New	`CtrlN`	File or Selected
On Item [Help]	`ShiftHelp`, `ShiftF1`	Help
Open	`CtrlO`	File or Selected
Paste	`CtrlV`, `ShiftInsert`	Edit
Print	`CtrlP`	File
Properties	`CtrlI`	Selected
Redo	`ShiftUndo`, `CtrlY`, `AltShiftBackspace`	Edit
Repeat	`ShiftUndo`, `CtrlY`, `AltShiftBackspace`	Edit
Save	`CtrlS`	File
Select All	`CtrlA`, `Ctrl/`	Edit
Underline	`CtrlU`	Application specific
Undo	`Undo`, `CtrlZ`, `AltBackspace`	Edit

Table B-2 shows navigation and activation key bindings and their function.

Table B-2. Navigation and Activation Key Bindings

Operation	Key Bindings	Function
Activate Choice	`Select`, `CtrlSpace`	Activates an action or dialog choice.
Adjust Begin Data	`CtrlShiftHome`	Adjusts a selection to the beginning of the data.
Adjust Begin Line	`ShiftHome`	Adjusts a selection to the beginning of a line.
Adjust Down	`ShiftDown Arrow`	Adjusts a selection down a line.
Adjust End Data	`CtrlShiftEnd`	Adjusts a selection to the end of the data.
Adjust End Line	`ShiftEnd`	Adjusts a selection to the end of a line.
Adjust Left	`ShiftLeft Arrow`	Adjusts a selection to the left.
Adjust Page Down	`ShiftPageDown`	Adjusts a selection down a page.
Adjust Page Left	`ShiftPageLeft`, `CtrlShiftPageUp`	Adjusts a selection a page to the left.
Adjust Page Right	`ShiftPageRight`, `CtrlShiftPageDown`	Adjusts a selection a page to the right.
Adjust Page Up	`ShiftPageUp`	Adjusts a selection up a page.
Adjust Paragraph Down	`CtrlShiftDown Arrow`	Adjusts a selection down a paragraph.
Adjust Paragraph Up	`CtrlShiftUp Arrow`	Adjusts a selection up a paragraph.
Adjust Right	`ShiftRight Arrow`	Adjusts a selection to the right.
Adjust Selection	`ShiftSelect`, `ShiftSpace` (not in text), `CtrlShiftSpace`	Adjusts a selection to the cursor position.
Adjust Up	`ShiftUp Arrow`	Adjusts a selection up a line.
Adjust Word Left	`CtrlShiftLeft Arrow`	Adjusts a selection by a word to the left.
Adjust Word Right	`CtrlShiftRight Arrow`	Adjusts a selection by a word to the right.
Begin Data	`CtrlHome`	Navigates to the beginning of the data.
Begin Line	`Home`	Navigates to the beginning of a line.
Cancel	`Cancel`, `Escape`	Removes a menu or dialog or cancels a direct manipulation operation.
Default Activate	`KeypadEnter`, `Enter` (not in text), `CtrlEnter`	Performs a default action; activates a menu control.
Delete End Line	`CtrlDelete`	Deletes to the end of the line (optional).
Delete Next Character	`Delete`	Deletes the next character.
Delete Previous Character	`Backspace`	Deletes the previous character.
Drop Down	`AltDown Arrow`	Drops down a drop-down list or combination box.
End Data	`CtrlEnd`	Navigates to the end of the data.
End Line	`End`	Navigates to the end of a line.
Help	`Help`, `F1`	Obtains help on the cursored item.
Navigate Down	`Down Arrow`, `CtrlDown Arrow`	Navigates down between elements.
Navigate Left	`Left Arrow`, `CtrlLeft Arrow`	Navigates left between elements.
Navigate Menu Bar	`ShiftMenu`, `F10`	Navigates to the menu bar.
Navigate Right	`Right Arrow`, `CtrlRight Arrow`	Navigates right between elements.
Navigate Up	`Up Arrow`, `CtrlUp Arrow`	Navigates up between elements.
Next Family Window	`AltF6`	Navigates to the next window in the window family.
Next Tab Group	`Tab` (where possible), `CtrlTab`	Navigates to the next tab group.
Next Window	`AltTab`, `AltEscape`	Navigates to the next window family or root icon.
New Line	`Enter`	Inserts a new line in text.
Page Down	`PageDown`	Navigates downwards by a page.
Page Left	`PageLeft`, `CtrlPageUp`	Navigates a page to the left.
Page Right	`PageRight`, `CtrlPageDown`	Navigates a page to the right.
Page Up	`PageUp`	Navigates up by a page.
Paragraph Down	`CtrlDown Arrow`	Navigates down a paragraph.
Paragraph Up	`CtrlUp Arrow`	Navigates up a paragraph.
Pop-Up Menu	`Menu`, `ShiftF10`	Invokes a pop-up menu.
Pop-Up Workspace Menu	`AltMenu`, `AltF10`	Invokes a pop-up menu for the workspace.
Previous Family Window	`AltShiftF6`	Navigates to the previous window in a window family.
Previous Tab Group	`ShiftTab` (where possible), `CtrlShiftTab`	Navigates to the previous tab group.
Previous Window	`AltShiftTab`, `AltShiftEscape`	Navigates to the previous window family or root icon.
Primary Move	`AltCut`, `AltCtrlX`, `AltShiftDelete`	Moves a primary selection to the cursor position.
Primary Copy	`AltCopy`, `AltCtrlC`, `AltCtrlInsert`	Copies a primary selection to the cursor position.
Select	`Select`, `Space` (not in text), `CtrlSpace`	Makes a selection (selects or toggles, depending on mode).
Show Tasks	`CtrlEsc`	Raises and normalizes the icon window.
Space	`Space`, `ShiftSpace`	Inserts a space in text.
Stop	`Cancel`, `Escape`	Ends a task and removes an in-progress message window.
Tab	`Tab`	Inserts a tab or navigates to the next tab stop.
Toggle Choice	`Select`, `Space`, `CtrlSpace`	Toggles a value choice.
Toggle Add Mode	`ShiftF8`	In editing controls, switches between normal mode and add mode.
Toggle Insert Mode	`Insert`	In text, toggles between replace mode and insert mode (optional).
Window Menu	`AltSelect`, `AltSpace`, `ShiftEscape`	Pulls down the window menu.
Word Left	`CtrlLeft Arrow`	Navigates a word to the left.
Word Right	`CtrlRight Arrow`	Navigates a word to the right.

Table B-3 shows the key bindings for all nonprinting keys. These include directional keys, editing keys, and function keys.

Table B-3. Nonprinting Key Key Bindings

Key	Key Only	`Shift`	`Ctrl`	`CtrlShift`	`Alt`	`AltShift`	`AltCtrl`
Right Arrow	Navigate Right	Adjust Right	Navigate Right, Word Right	Adjust Word Right
Left Arrow	Navigate Left	Adjust Left	Navigate Left, Word Left	Adjust Word Left
Down Arrow	Navigate Down	Adjust Down	Navigate Down, Paragrah Down	Adjust Paragraph Down	Drop Down
Up Arrow	Navigate Up	Adjust Up	Navigate Up, Paragraph Up	Adjust Paragraph Up
`Backspace`	Delete Previous Character (in text)				Undo	Redo	Repeat
`Cancel`	Cancel or Stop
`Copy`	Clipboard Copy				Primary Copy
`Cut`	Clipboard Cut				Primary Move
`Delete`	Delete Next Character (in text)	Clipboard Cut	Delete End Line			Primary Move
`End`	End Line	Adjust End Line	End Data	Adjust End Data
`Enter`	Default Activate or New Line		Default Activate
`Escape`	Cancel or Stop	Invoke Window Menu	Show Tasks		Next Window	Previous Window
`Help`	Help	On Item [Help]
`Home`	Begin Line	Adjust Begin Line	Begin Data	Adjust Begin Data
`Insert`	Toggle Insert Mode	Clipboard Paste	Clipboard Copy				Primary Copy
`Menu`	Invoke a Pop-Up Menu	Navigate Menu Bar			Pop Up Workspace Menu
`PageDown`	Page Down	Adjust Page Down	Page Right	Adjust Page Right
`PageLeft`	Page Left	Adjust Page Left
`PageRight`	Page Right	Adjust Page Right
`PageUp`	Page Up	Adjust Page Up	Page Left	Adjust Page Left
`Paste`	Clipboard Paste
`Select`	Activate Choice, Select, or Toggle Choice	Adjust Selection			Invoke Window Menu
`Space`	Activate Choice, Select, Space, or Toggle Choice	Adjust Selection, Space	Select	Adjust Selection	Invoke Window Menu
`Tab`	Next Tab Group or Tab (in text)	Previous Tab Group	Next Tab Group	Previous Tab Group	Next Window	Previous Window
`Undo`	Undo	Redo, Repeat
`F1`	Help	On Item [Help]
`F4`				Close
`F6`					Next Family Window	Previous Family Window
`F8`		Toggle Add Mode
`F10`	Navigate Menu Bar	Invoke a Pop-Up Menu			Invoke a Workspace Pop-Up Menu

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Appendix A. Widgets and Components Cross Reference		Appendix C. Mouse Techniques