Volume One: Xlib Programming Manual

Table of Contents

Preface

About This Manual

Summary of Contents

How to Use This Manual

Getting the Example Programs

Compiling the Example Programs

Assumptions

Related Documents

Requests for Comments

Bulk Sales Information

Acknowledgements

1. Introduction

Versions of X

X Window System Concepts

X Window System Software Architecture

Overview of Xlib

2. X Concepts

How Xlib Works

What are X Windows?

Introduction to X Graphics

More on Window Characteristics

Introduction to Events

How to Program with Xlib

3. Basic Window Program

Running the Program

The Main of basicwin

4. Window Attributes

Setting Window Attributes

The Window Attribute Structures

Settable Attributes

Information from the XWindowAttributes Structure

5. The Graphics Context

Creating and Setting a Graphics Context

Switching Between Graphics Contexts

Controlling Pixel Selection

Controlling Coloring and Patterning

Controlling Graphics Tricks

Graphics Exposure

Subwindow Mode

Sharing GCs Between Clients

GCs and Server Efficiency

Querying the Graphics Context

The Default GC Versus Default Values of a GC

6. Drawing Graphics and Text

Drawing

Fonts and Text

Regions

Images

Cursors

7. Color

Basic Color Terms and Concepts

Color Naming and Specification

Differences in Display Hardware

Allocating Shared Colors

Allocating Private Colors

Getting Complete Visual Information

The GrayScale Visual

Standard Colormaps

Device-independent Color and Xcms

Creating and Installing Colormaps

Miscellaneous Color-handling Functions

8. Events

Overview of Event Handling

Event Processing

Selecting Events

Sending Events

Where to Find More on Each Event

9. The Keyboard and Pointer

The Keyboard

The Pointer

Border Crossing and Keyboard Focus Change Events

Grabbing the Keyboard and Pointer

Keyboard Preferences

Pointer Preferences

X Input Extension

10. Internationalization

An Overview of Internationalization

Locale Management in X

Internationalized Text Output in X

String Encoding Changes for Internationalization

Internationalized Interclient Communication

Localization of Resource Databases

Summary: Writing an Internationalized Application

11. Internationalized Text Input

Issues of Internationalized Text Input

Overview of the X Input Method Architecture

XIM Programming Interface

XIM Functions

XIC Functions

Input Context Attributes

Negotiating Preedit and Status Area Geometries

Geometry, Preedit, and Status Callbacks

Filtering Events

Getting Composed Text

XIM Programming Checklist

12. Interclient Communication

Properties and Atoms

The Compound Text Encoding

Communicating with the Window Manager

Selections

Cut Buffers

13. Managing User Preferences

Using XGetDefault()

Using the Low-level Resource Manager Routines

Standard Geometry

Resource Specification and Matching

Other Resource Manager Routines

14. A Complete Application

Description of basecalc

Include Files

The Main of basecalc

Getting User Preferences

Printing a Usage Message

Initializing the Calculator

Making Windows

Selecting Events

Processing Events

Drawing a Pad

Routines Not Shown

15. Other Programming Techniques

Reading and Writing Properties

Screen Saver

Host Access and Security

Getting the Window Hierarchy

Close Down Mode

Connection Close Operations

Data Management

The After Function

Coordinate Transformation

ANSI-C and POSIX Portability

Porting Programs to X

Programming for Multiple X Releases

Using Extensions to X

16. Window Management

Layout Policy

Substructure Redirection

Reparenting

Window Save-set

Window Manager - Client Communications

Window Management Functions

A Basic Window Manager

A. Specifying Fonts

Font Specification

Font Service

Scalable Fonts

B. X10 Compatibility

XDraw and XDrawFilled()

Association Tables

C. Writing Extensions to X

Basic Protocol Support Routines

Hooking into Xlib

GC Caching

Graphics Batching

Writing Extension Stubs

D. The basecalc Application

E. Event Reference

Meaning of Common Structure Elements

F. The Xmu Library

Atom Functions

Error Handler Functions

System Utility Functions

Window Utility Functions

Cursor Utility Functions

Color Utilities

Pixmap Utilities

Graphics Functions

Selection Functions

Character Set Functions

Compound Text Functions

CloseDisplay Hook Functions

Display Queue Functions

Standard Colormap Functions

G. Sources of Additional Information

Getting the X Software

Netnews

Training, Consulting, and Support

The X Consortium

Finding Out for Yourself

H. Release Notes

Changes from Release 4 to Release 5

Miscellaneous Xlib Changes

Changes from Release 3 to Release 4

Glossary

Index